The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, with solids gradually being introduced around this age. Supplement breastfeeding is recommended until the age of two.
Studies show that in addition to the bonding that mother and baby experience, breastfeeding is associated with increased intelligence in later life and significantly lowers the risk of many illnesses including:
-sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
-middle ear infections, colds and flue
-childhood leukemia
-childhood onset diabetes
-asthma and eczema
-dental problems
-obesity
-pshychological disorders
Breastfeeding is also beneficial for the mother in the following ways:
-Helps the uterus return to its pre -pregnancy size and position
-Reduces postpartum bleeding
-Assists in returning to pre -pregnancy weight
-Reduces the risk of breast cancer in later life
Unfortunately even though mothers may choose to breastfeed, they often experience difficulty in the supply and production of breast milk. They may also unknowingly have a problem with low quality breast milk which can result in the baby not being completely satisfied with feeds.
Breast milk production and supply are not the same thing and each is influenced by different factors. A mother can have either a problem with production ( usually hormonal, obstructive or due to improper feeding habits) or supply (most often due to poor nutrition or weak constitution) or both. Sometimes there can be no problem with supply or production of breast milk but the quality of breast milk may not be sufficient to satisfy the baby. Traditionally modern medicine only accepted problems of insufficient production but now with advances in technology that enable
us to measure the quality of breast milk it is now accepted that these three problems mentioned above are all real conditions that need to be addressed appropriately in the breastfeeding mother.
In order to understand how to address problems of low breast milk or insufficient lactation we need to understand how and when breast milk is produced and what factors are involved in the production, supply and quality of breast milk.
How and When breast milk is produced
Breast milk is produced under the influence of certain hormones that are released after birth, these include prolactin and oxytocin. The release of these hormones is directly related to the act of the baby suckling on the breast which in turn stimulates the nerve endings present in the areola of the breast and cause the release of these hormones by the pituitary gland. Prolactin causes the alveoli or glands within the breast to take nutrients from the blood supply and turn them into breast milk. Oxytocin on the other hand is responsible for the contraction of cells around the alveoli and subsequent release of the breast milk through the breast ducts and out through the 15 to 20 openings in each breast.
There are a number of factors that can affect production and therefore result in no or insufficient breast milk, these are categorised as follows:
1. Problems with secretion of either prolactin or oxytocin
2. Obstruction of the breast ducts
3. Fatigue and/or stress resulting in the inability of the muscles to contract and release breastmilk
Problems with hormonal secretion
It is rare that in sufficient lactation can be caused by a problem of the pituitary gland, more often cases of non-secretion are due to insufficient stimulation of the nerve endings by the baby not latching or sucking appropriately or indeed not suckling at all in cases where the baby may be unable to feed or the mother is unable to. In these cases it is encouraged to use proper posture and also use a pump in between feeds to encourage breast milk production.
Obstruction of the breast ducts
Obstruction of the breast ducts is a fairly common occurrence and usually is associated with inflammation of the breast (mastitis) but may be due to other causes such as injury or previous surgery to the breast etc. Fortunately it is easy to treat, a doctor could prescribe an anti-inflammatory or you could use natural herbs such as mu tong or fenugreek which has been traditionally used to open the breast ducts, reduce inflammation and promote milk
production and flow. Some of the natural supplements to increase breast milk contain these ingredients and will be discussed later in this article.
Fatigue/ Stress
Fatigue and stress can play a part in any illness and is a comon occurrence postpartum. For some this may even be serious enough to be considered postnatal depression. Both stress and fatigue can affect the function of both prolactin and oxytocin as energy is required for all bodily functions to occur including contraction of the muscles responsible for promoting the flow of breastmilk. Mother should get sufficient sleep and also eat healthy to combat fatigue. Stress can be eased by getting help in managing the baby from friends and family. Some natural postpartum supplements can also assist in reducing fatigue and stress. These will be discussed under the supplements section.
The quantity and quality of beast milk is largely influenced by the health and nutritional status of the mother. Studies have shown that nutritional status affects more the quality than the quantity of breast milk so that often a mother will be producing enough milk but the quality and nutritional value of that milk may not be sufficient to provide optimal growth for the baby. Often the body will be able to provide sufficient protein and fat content for inclusion in breast milk by talking this from the mothers blood supply and if necessary by breakdown of the mothers own protein and fat stores.
However the inclusion of vitamins, minerals and other essential substances will be directly affected by the mothers intake of these substances. Besides a healthy and varied diet, dietary supplementation is also recommended to increase the production and supply of quality of breast milk, especially so when the mother is experiencing insufficient breast milk quantity to begin with. In the next section I discuss some available postpartum herbs and supplements for increasing breast milk production and supply and which are the best to use.
Herbs and dietery supplements to increase production and supply
Fenugreek
Perhaps the most commonly used herb for increasing breast milk is fenugreek, however it is not the best and certainly not the safest to use. Fenugreek is known in herbal medicine as a herb that is hot in nature, influences the liver and stimulates contraction of smooth muscle, hence its use in low breast milk conditions where it encourages contraction of the breast ducts and therefore release of breast milk. You will note however that this is not the only reason for low breast milk and therefore despite its high use it is not very effective in most cases and has a number of side effects that should be noted:
# It may cause nausea, diarrhea and stomach cramps.
# Fenugreek can also cause a maple syrup odor in urine and sweet.
# Fenugreek can interfere with iron absorption so people with anemia should avoid it.
# It can alter balances of various forms of thyroid hormones.
# Fenugreek can aggravate asthma, allergies and diabetes
# Fenugreek should be avoided by women who are pregnant since it is known to stimulate uterine contraction in animal studies and can therefore lead to miscarriage
Fenugreek is useful where stress may be a significant factor in causing low breastmilk however we do not recommend that it be used alone due to its other effects described above. In fact traditionally herbs were more often combined with others so as to limit their toxicities and harmful effects while retaining their beneficial ones.
For this reason we recommend one of the two synergistic formulas below for low breastmilk and in fact the second supplement can also be used as a general postpartum supplement.
Mothers Milk Tea
This tea is something you can make at home and is a combination of fenugreek, fennel, coriander, blessed thistle and aniseed. Though it is better than using fenugreek alone, the tea still retains as its primary function the ability of improving digestion and therefore indirectly improving breastmilk quality as well.
Lactaboost
Lactaboost is a relatively new supplement for postpartum mothers but is based on ancient chinese wisdom as well as recent scientific evidence that supports the use of this formula for nursing mothers. It is not only good for increasing quality and quantity of breatmilk as well as treating production problems, but it also has other benefits for mother and baby which include:
# Assists with postnatal depression, weakness and fatigue
# Enchances babies digestion and eliminates colic
# Assists with weight loss and return of the uterus to normal after birth
Traditional Chinese Medicine places a lot of emphasis on proper postnatal care and over a period of hundreds of years developed and refined herbal formulae for that purpose. Lactaboost is based on a number of these formulae and is supported by clinical research that confirm the benefits of it improving and increasing breast milk.
It contains a number of different herbs including ones that can:
# Relieve mastitis and open the breast ducts ( Caulis Akebia, Platycodon root)
# Enhance breastmilk quality and quantity ( Angelica Sinensis, Ophiopogonis Radix)
# Strengthen the digestive system ( Astragalus, Glycyrrhizae Radix)
# Assist with sleep ( Caulic Akebia)
# Relieve cramps and colic (Vladimiriae Radix)
This supplement however while safe to use during nursing should not be used while pregnant and caution should be exercised in cases of hypertension.
Other therapies
Sometimes the above approaches may not work and it is then useful to consult with a lactation consultant and/or other natural therapist who can work on an individual basis with you in order to prescribe a regimen, remedy or diet plan etc to address your specific condition.
As an example a practitioner of Chinese Medicine will take a history, look at your tongue and feel your pulse in order to determine what the root of the problem is. In cases of low breastmilk this may be due to liver qistagnation, blood deficiency, liver fire causing mastitis or kidney and digestive weakness. After making a diagnosis the practitioner would compose an individualised formula to treat the root condition and may also add ingredients known to treat the branch or manifestation of the root problem.
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